Docker & Kubernetes 개념 총 정리 7

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Docker & Kubernetes 개념 총 정리 7

마시멜로co. 2025. 1. 16. 17:21

1. 도커를 활용한 Flask 실행

Flask는 django와 마찬가지로 파이썬을 이용해 쉽게 웹사이트를 만들 수 있도록 도와주는 웹 프레임워크입니다.

flask 설치하기

user@myserver01:~$ pyenv activate py3_13_1
(py3_13_1) user@myserver01:~$ pip install flask
Collecting flask
  Downloading flask-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.7 kB)
..생략

설치 확인

(py3_13_1) user@myserver01:~$ python
Python 3.13.1 (main, Jan 17 2025, 00:30:07) [GCC 13.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import flask
>>> from importlib.metadata import version
>>> version('flask')
'3.1.0'
>>> quit()
(py3_13_1) user@myserver01:~$ pyenv deactivate

8001 포트, 81 포트를 포트포워딩에 추가 후 적용합니다.

Flask를 이용해 간단한 서비스를 코드를 만듭니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo mkdir ch25
user@myserver01:/home/work$ cd ch25
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25$ sudo mkdir myapp
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25$ ls
myapp
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25$ cd myapp/
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25/myapp$ sudo vi main.py

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'hello world!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8001)

app = Flask(__name__) : 웹 애플리케이션 객체를 app이라고 지정합니다.

@app.route('/') : 루트 경로에 접근합니다.

파이썬 스크립트가 실행되면 app.run을 통해 웹 애플리케이션을 실행하도록 정합니다. 이때 host=0.0.0.0은 모든 IP주소로 부터 요청을 수락하도록 하는 옵션이고 port=8001은 포트 8001를 사용하겠다는 의미입니다.

파이썬을 활용해 작성한 main.py를 실행합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25/myapp$  pyenv activate py3_13_1
(py3_13_1) user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25/myapp$ ls
main.py
(py3_13_1) user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25/myapp$ python main.py
 * Serving Flask app 'main'
 * Debug mode: off
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Running on all addresses (0.0.0.0)
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:8001
 * Running on http://10.0.2.4:8001
Press CTRL+C to quit

파이썬 가상환경 종료

(py3_13_1) user@myserver01:/home/work/ch25/myapp$ pyenv deactivate

Nginx와 Flask를 컨테이너 형태로 연동한 후 실행하겠습니다. Flask와 Nginx 이미지를 각각 빌드한 후 컨테이너 형태로 실행합니다.

컨테이너를 실행하기 위해 필요한 Flask 이미지를 빌드하겠습니다.

앞서 생성한 Flask 폴더를 새폴더에 복사합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo mkdir ch26
user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo cp -r ch25 ch26
user@myserver01:/home/work$ cd ch26
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ ls
ch25
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ mv ch25 myFlask02
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ sudo mv ch25 myFlask02
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ ls
myFlask02

requirements.txt 를 생성하여 도커 이미지 생성시 필요한 라이브러리를 입력합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ cd myFlask02/
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myFlask02$ ls
myapp
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myFlask02$ sudo vi requirements.txt
flask==3.1.0
gunicorn==23.0.0

이미지 빌드에 필요한 Dockerfile생성

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myFlask02$ sudo vi Dockerfile
FROM python:3.13.1

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY . .

RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

WORKDIR ./myapp

CMD gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8001 main:app

EXPOSE 8001

Flask 컨테이너는 8001포트를 사용합니다.

도커이미지를 빌드합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myFlask02$ sudo docker image build . -t myflask02
[+] Building 17.1s (12/12) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                           docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile   
 ..생략..
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myFlask02$ sudo docker image ls
REPOSITORY                TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
myflask02                 latest    8ec39e43dcc9   14 seconds ago   1.03GB

Nginx 이미지를 빌드하겠습니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myFlask02$ cd ../
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ ls
myFlask02
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ sudo mkdir myNginx02f
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ ls
myFlask02  myNginx02f
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ cd myNginx02f/
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo vi default.conf

upstream myweb{
        server flasktest:8001;
}

server{
        listen 81;
        server_name localhost;

        location /{
                proxy_pass http://myweb;
        }
}

nginx 포트를 81로 요청을 받습니다.

Dockerfile을 생성합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo vi Dockerfile
FROM nginx:1.25.3
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

Nginx 이미지를 빌드합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ ls
default.conf  Dockerfile
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker image build . -t mynginx02f
[+] Building 2.1s (9/9) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                              docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile              
 ..생략....
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker image ls
REPOSITORY                TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mynginx02f                latest    2a82e63870fa   39 seconds ago   187MB
myflask02                 latest    8ec39e43dcc9   9 minutes ago    1.03GB

도커를 활용해 Nginx와 Flask를 컨테이너 형태로 연동 후 실행합니다.

도커네트워크를 생성합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker network create mynetwork02f
cf8d873e26f0255b7e4c3bcd67fe833f944c06d2983a7b667bd8bc8a9cfbfb1b
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME           DRIVER    SCOPE
4229e13d57bf   bridge         bridge    local
e25e86151666   host           host      local
cf8d873e26f0   mynetwork02f   bridge    local

Flask 컨테이너를 실행합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker container run -d --name flasktest --network mynetwork02f myflask02
bb3d3ba0d9c6ceb16ee29ed70c4572346d4dee3d7f3ae2f216fc806a5bf90f08
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS      NAMES
bb3d3ba0d9c6   myflask02   "/bin/sh -c 'gunicor…"   13 seconds ago   Up 12 seconds   8001/tcp   flasktest

Nginx 컨테이너를 실행합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker container run -d --name nginxtest --network mynetwork02f -p 81:81 mynginx02f
2ebe5f62bcedb91a304cff7de85d62f2ecb5470b98b7f87063aef305ef06176d

도커 호스트의 81번 포트를 컨테이너의 81번 포트와 연결시키도록 설정하였습니다.

Nginx와 Flask 컨테이너를 종료합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
2ebe5f62bced   mynginx02f   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:81->81/tcp, :::81->81/tcp   nginxtest
bb3d3ba0d9c6   myflask02    "/bin/sh -c 'gunicor…"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes   8001/tcp                                    flasktest
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26/myNginx02f$ sudo docker container stop 2ebe5f62bced bb3d3ba0d9c6
2ebe5f62bced
bb3d3ba0d9c6

도커 컴포즈를 활용해 Nginx와 Flask를 컨테이너 형태로 배포하겠습니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo cp -r ch26 ch27
user@myserver01:/home/work$ cd ch27
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ ls
myFlask02  myNginx02f
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo mv myFlask02 myFlask03
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo mv myNginx02f myNginx03f
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ ls
myFlask03  myNginx03f
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo vi docker-compose.yml

services:
  flasktest:
    build: ./myFlask03
    networks:
      - composenet03
    restart: always


  nginxtest:
    build: ./myNginx03f
    networks:
      - composenet03
    ports:
      - "81:81"
    depends_on:
      - flasktest
    restart: always


networks:
  composenet03:

이미지를 빌드하고 실행합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ ls
docker-compose.yml  myFlask03  myNginx03f
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo docker compose up -d --build
[+] Building 3.5s (23/23) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                            docker:default
 => [flasktest internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                                                                                          0.1s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 241B       
 ..생략..
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE            COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
10b81d321bf4   ch27-nginxtest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   10 seconds ago   Up 8 seconds   80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:81->81/tcp, :::81->81/tcp   ch27-nginxtest-1
8922e69daa6c   ch27-flasktest   "/bin/sh -c 'gunicor…"   10 seconds ago   Up 9 seconds   8001/tcp                                    ch27-flasktest-1

접속 확인 후 도커 컴포즈 종료

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo docker container logs 10b81d321bf4
..생략..
10.0.2.2 - - [17/Jan/2025:01:45:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/131.0.0.0" "-"
10.0.2.2 - - [17/Jan/2025:01:45:38 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 207 "http://127.0.0.1:81/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/131.0.0.0" "-"
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo docker compose down
[+] Running 3/3
 ✔ Container ch27-nginxtest-1  Removed                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.4s
 ✔ Container ch27-flasktest-1  Removed                                                                                                                                                                                                 10.3s
 ✔ Network ch27_composenet03   Removed

2. 인그레이스를 활용한 django 실행

인그레스를 활용하여 django를 실행합니다.

root@myserver01:/home/work# mkdir ch23
root@myserver01:/home/work# cd ch23
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# cd ../ch22
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch22# cp -r ./ ../ch23
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch22# cd ../ch23
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# ls
myDjango04  myNginx04
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# mv myNginx04 myNginx04d
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# cd myDjango04/myapp/myapp/
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04/myapp/myapp# vi settings.py
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': '설정한 DB 비밀번호',
        'HOST':'10.0.2.4',
        'PORT': 5432
    }
}

django 이미지를 빌드합니다.

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04/myapp/myapp# cd ../..
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04# docker image build . -t mydjango_ch23:0.2
[+] Building 25.8s (11/11) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                           docker:default
revent unintended behavior related to OS signals (line 12)
...생략
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04# docker image ls
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mydjango_ch23   0.2       1cc90cf1437f   8 seconds ago    1.07GB

태그를 0.2로 지정하였습니다. mydjango_ch23 은 하단 docker hub 홈페이지의 repository와 동일하게 작성해야합니다.

https://hub.docker.com/

Docker Hub Container Image Library | App Containerization

Increase your reach and adoption on Docker Hub With a Docker Verified Publisher subscription, you'll increase trust, boost discoverability, get exclusive data insights, and much more.

hub.docker.com

접속하여 로그인 후 Repository를 생성합니다.

Create a Repository 버튼 클릭 -> repogistory name 작성 후 Create 버튼 클릭합니다.

https://login.docker.com/activate

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04# docker login

USING WEB-BASED LOGIN
To sign in with credentials on the command line, use 'docker login -u <username>'

Your one-time device confirmation code is: MQDM-XPKT
Press ENTER to open your browser or submit your device code here: https://login.docker.com/activate

Waiting for authentication in the browser…
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credential-stores

Login Succeeded

태그 생성

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04# docker tag mydjango_ch23:0.2  userId/mydjango_ch23:0.2
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myDjango04# docker push userId/mydjango_ch23:0.2
The push refers to repository [docker.io/userId/mydjango_ch23]
f8300c471b39: Pushed
f8300c471b39: Pushing [==========>                                        ]  9.623MB/44.43MB
694998686090: Pushed
0f799ea47bf2: Pushed
c473e7987385: Pushed
75771920c930: Mounted from library/python
c40d71ec7d1d: Mounted from library/python
ac94309486a0: Mounted from library/python
ebad64620a59: Mounted from library/python
f379f6005525: Mounted from library/python
0e5c23e041ee: Mounted from library/python
0.2: digest: sha256:e56148628cae35e2ea342f4b03e13aee9e9682ebeb47bceefb43e6719fc47df3 size: 2840

docker hub에서 tags가 표시되어있으면 성공적으로 태그가 생성된 것입니다.

nginx 이미지를 생성합니다.

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# cd myNginx04d/
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myNginx04d# ls
default.conf  Dockerfile
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myNginx04d# vi default.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
    }
}

nginx 도커 이미지를 빌드합니다.

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myNginx04d# docker image build . -t mynginxd_ch23:0.3
[+] Building 2.2s (9/9) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                              docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                                                                                                    0.1s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 164B

허브 홈페이지에서 repository를 추가 생성합니다.

태그 생성 후 도커 허브에 업로드

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myNginx04d# docker tag  mynginxd_ch23:0.3 userId/mynginxd_ch23:0.3
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myNginx04d# docker push userId/mynginxd_ch23:0.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/userId/mynginxd_ch23]
2eef1cf9954e: Pushed
3ea02ffa3c72: Pushed
c4106aac4c13: Mounted from library/nginx
c57ad67cd261: Mounted from library/nginx
cbafde024849: Mounted from library/nginx
b88f5270d74a: Mounted from library/nginx
ff3d21334998: Mounted from library/nginx
4c6624954f4b: Mounted from library/nginx
ceb365432eec: Mounted from library/nginx
0.3: digest: sha256:a44fcb1e15864b2f0df72256c982444d3b57c5d7fa48ca6c093660fa4b1d05dc size: 2192

django와 nginx를 실행할 deployment를 생성합니다.

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23/myNginx04d# cd ../
root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# vi django-deploy.yml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy-django
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: web-deploy
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: web-deploy
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx-d
        image: 도커허브아이디/mynginxd_ch23:0.3
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

      - name: django-web
        image: 도커허브아이디/mydjango_ch23:0.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8000

디플로이먼트 실행

root@myserver01:/home/work/ch23# exit
logout
user@myserver01:~$ cd /home/work/ch23/
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl apply -f django-deploy.yml
deployment.apps/deploy-django created
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl get pods
NAME                             READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw   2/2     Running       0          14m
deploy-django-6cc964b995-c7jnv   2/2     Running       0          14m
deploy-django-6cc964b995-cgnmz   2/2     Running       0          6m10s

ClusterIP타입으로 서비스 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ sudo vi django-service.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: django-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: web-deploy
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80

서비스 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl apply -f django-service.yml
service/django-service created
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                                 READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw   2/2     Running       0          19m
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-c7jnv   2/2     Running       0          19m
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-cgnmz   2/2     Running       0          10m
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-dhzh5   0/2     Terminating   0          19m

NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/django-service   ClusterIP   10.102.213.139   <none>        80/TCP    7s
service/kubernetes       ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP   27h

인그레스 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ sudo vi django-ingress.yml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: django-ingress
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /test01(/|$)(.*)
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: django-service
            port:
              number: 80

nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2 Nginx 인그레스 컨트롤러 옵션을 입력합니다.

인그레스 클래스 명은 nginx 이며 http 하위 경로입력을 위해 특수기호를 추가합니다. /test01(/|$)(.*)

인그레스와 연동할 서비스 이름은 django-service입니다.

인그레스를 실행합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl apply -f django-ingress.yml
ingress.networking.k8s.io/django-ingress created
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl get pod,svc,ingress
NAME                                 READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw   2/2     Running       0          30m
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-c7jnv   2/2     Running       0          30m
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-cgnmz   2/2     Running       0          22m
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-dhzh5   0/2     Terminating   0          30m

NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/django-service   ClusterIP   10.102.213.139   <none>        80/TCP    11m
service/kubernetes       ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP   28h

NAME                                       CLASS   HOSTS   ADDRESS    PORTS   AGE
ingress.networking.k8s.io/django-ingress   nginx   *       10.0.2.4   80      89s

웹브라우저에서 인그레스 경로로 접근 테스트 해봅니다.

파드 내부로 접속하여 작성한 소스를 확인합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl exec -it pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw -- /bin/bash
Defaulted container "nginx-d" out of: nginx-d, django-web
root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/etc/nginx/conf.d# ls
default.conf
root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
    }
}

root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/etc/nginx/conf.d# exit
exit

-c 옵션으로 django 컨테이너에 접속합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl exec -it pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw -c django-web -- /bin/bash
root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/usr/src/app/myapp# ls
db.sqlite3  manage.py  myapp
root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/usr/src/app/myapp# python manage.py inspectdb
# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
#   * Rearrange models' order
#   * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
#   * Make sure each ForeignKey and OneToOneField has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior
#   * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
root@deploy-django-6cc964b995-8zxdw:/usr/src/app/myapp# exit
exit

inspectdb 명령어로 db 설정이 올바르게 되어있는지 확인합니다.

쿠버네티스 오브젝트를 모두 종료합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl delete -f django-ingress.yml
ingress.networking.k8s.io "django-ingress" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl delete -f django-service.yml
service "django-service" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch23$ kubectl delete -f django-deploy.yml
deployment.apps "deploy-django" deleted

3. 인그레스를 활용한 Flask 실행

인그레스를 활용하여 Flask서비스를 배포하겠습니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo rm -rf ch24
user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo cp -r ch23 myFlask01
user@myserver01:/home/work$ cd myFlask01/
user@myserver01:/home/work/myFlask01$ ls
django-deploy.yml  django-ingress.yml  django-service.yml  myDjango04  myNginx04d
user@myserver01:/home/work/myFlask01$ sudo cp -r myNginx04d myNginx04f
user@myserver01:/home/work/myFlask01$ ls
django-deploy.yml  django-ingress.yml  django-service.yml  myDjango04  myNginx04d  myNginx04f

파일을 생성합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo mkdir docker
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ cp -r ../ch23 .
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ ls -al
total 28
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:37 .
drwxr-xr-x 32 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:39 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  492 Jan 17 04:37 django-deploy.yml
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  380 Jan 17 04:37 django-ingress.yml
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  197 Jan 17 04:37 django-service.yml
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:37 myDjango04
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:37 myNginx04d
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ sudo cp -r . ../docker/
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch26$ cd ../docker/
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ ls -al
total 36
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:45 .
drwxr-xr-x 32 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:39 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  492 Jan 17 04:37 django-deploy.yml
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  380 Jan 17 04:37 django-ingress.yml
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  197 Jan 17 04:37 django-service.yml
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:37 myDjango04
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:45 myFlask02
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:45 myNginx02f
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jan 17 04:37 myNginx04d
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ cd myFlask02/
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$ ls
Dockerfile  myapp  requirements.txt

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$ cd myapp/
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02/myapp$ cat main.py
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'hello world!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8001)
    

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$ cat Dockerfile
FROM python:3.13.1

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY . .

RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

WORKDIR ./myapp

CMD gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8001 main:app

EXPOSE 8001

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$ cat requirements.txt
flask==3.1.0
gunicorn==23.0.0

이미지를 빌드합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$ sudo docker image build . -t myflask_ch27:0.2

https://hub.docker.com/

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도커 허브에 접속하여 해당 리포지토리를 생성합니다.

도커 이미지를 업로드하기 위해 tag명령어를 활용해 업로드용 이미지를 생성하고 해당 이미지를 도커에 업로드하겠습니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$  sudo docker tag myflask_ch27:0.2 사용자아이디/myflask_ch27:0.2
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myFlask02$  sudo docker push  사용자아이디/myflask_ch27:0.2
The push refers to repository [docker.io/사용자아이디/myflask_ch27]
5f70bf18a086: Mounted from 사용자아이디/mydjango_ch23
5ae1d2eadde5: Pushed
ca72b5558e5f: Pushed
e67919dbb077: Pushed
...생략
0.2: digest: sha256:8dbbb64e9d1a230b6b70d27a0473c8628221c1ff47796eb5ff337c7e67ca8198 size: 2838

정상적으로 태그가 도커허브에 업로드 된 것을 확인 할 수 있습니다.

nginx 이미지를 빌드합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ cd myNginx02f
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myNginx02f$ ls
default.conf  Dockerfile
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myNginx02f$ cat Dockerfile
FROM nginx:1.25.3
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myNginx02f$ sudo vi default.conf
server{
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;

        location /{
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001;
        }
}

도커 이미지를 빌드합니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myNginx02f$ sudo docker image build . -t mynginxf_ch27:0.3
[+] Building 2.2s (9/9) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                              docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 168B

도커 허브에 리포지토리 생성

도커 이미지를 업로드하기 위해 tag명령어를 활용해 업로드용 이미지를 생성하고 해당 이미지를 도커에 업로드하겠습니다.

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myNginx02f$ sudo docker tag mynginxf_ch27:0.3 사용자아이디/mynginxf_ch27:0.3
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker/myNginx02f$ sudo docker push 사용자아이디/mynginxf_ch27:0.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/사용자아이디/mynginxf_ch27]
9a85572dfa09: Pushed
..생략..
0.3: digest: sha256:2a21d4cfc8c2e13c813a057e6869e14c5ba15b31feeb86e55aa84fac072dc4e3 size: 2192

디플로이먼트 생성 후 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo vi flask-deploy.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: deploy-flask
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: flask-web-deploy
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: flask-web-deploy
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx-f
        image: 도커허브사용자ID/mynginxf_ch27:0.3
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

      - name: flask-web
        image: 도커허브사용자ID/myflask_ch27:0.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8001
        
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl apply -f flask-deploy.yml
deployment.apps/deploy-flask created

파일 정리 후 서비스 생성 및 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo rm -r djan*
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ ls
flask-deploy.yml  myDjango04  myFlask02  myNginx02f  myNginx04d
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo rm -rf myDjango04
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo rm -rf myNginx04d
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ ls
flask-deploy.yml  myFlask02  myNginx02f
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo vi flask-service.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: flask-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: flask-web-deploy
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl apply -f flask-service.yml
service/flask-service created

인그레스 파일 생성 후 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo vi flask-ingress.yml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: flask-ingress
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /test02(/|$)(.*)
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: flask-service
            port:
              number: 80

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl apply -f flask-ingress.yml
ingress.networking.k8s.io/flask-ingress created
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl get ingress
NAME            CLASS   HOSTS   ADDRESS    PORTS   AGE
flask-ingress   nginx   *       10.0.2.4   80      22s

모두 중지하기

user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl delete -f flask-ingress.yml
ingress.networking.k8s.io "flask-ingress" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl delete -f flask-service.yml
service "flask-service" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl delete -f flask-deploy.yml
deployment.apps "deploy-flask" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ kubectl get pod,svc,ingress
NAME                                READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
pod/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d-fk28b   2/2     Terminating   0          16m
pod/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d-hvpmn   2/2     Terminating   0          16m
pod/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d-jd5zc   2/2     Terminating   0          16m

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   2d1h

4. 인그레스를 활용한 django와 flask 실행

인그레스를 활용하여 django와 flask를 동시에 실행해보겠습니다.

기존 폴더 복사 및 정리

user@myserver01:/home/work$ sudo cp -r ch23 ch27
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ sudo cp -r . ../ch27
user@myserver01:/home/work/docker$ cd ../ch27
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ ls
django-deploy.yml  django-ingress.yml  django-service.yml  flask-deploy.yml  flask-ingress.yml  flask-service.yml  myDjango04  myFlask02  myNginx02f  myNginx04d
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo rm -rf my*
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ ls
django-deploy.yml  django-ingress.yml  django-service.yml  flask-deploy.yml  flask-ingress.yml  flask-service.yml
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo rm -rf django-ingress.yml
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo rm -rf flask-ingress.yml
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ ls
django-deploy.yml  django-service.yml  flask-deploy.yml  flask-service.yml
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ sudo vi django-flask-ingress.yml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: django-flask-ingress
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /test01(/|$)(.*)
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: django-service
            port:
              number: 80

      - path: /test02(/|$)(.*)
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: flask-service
            port:
              number: 80

디플로이먼트 및 서비스 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl apply -f django-deploy.yml
deployment.apps/deploy-django created
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl apply -f flask-deploy.yml
deployment.apps/deploy-flask created

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl apply -f django-service.yml
service/django-service created
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl apply -f flask-service.yml
service/flask-service created

마지막으로 인그레스 실행

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl apply -f django-flask-ingress.yml
ingress.networking.k8s.io/django-flask-ingress created
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl get all
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-4dvlc   2/2     Running   0          83s
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-tp2jj   2/2     Running   0          83s
pod/deploy-django-6cc964b995-xl7bc   2/2     Running   0          83s
pod/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d-ctfv9    2/2     Running   0          77s
pod/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d-h7hlx    2/2     Running   0          77s
pod/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d-rlst2    2/2     Running   0          77s

NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/django-service   ClusterIP   10.109.205.15    <none>        80/TCP    69s
service/flask-service    ClusterIP   10.110.144.191   <none>        80/TCP    65s
service/kubernetes       ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP   2m41s

NAME                            READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/deploy-django   3/3     3            3           83s
deployment.apps/deploy-flask    3/3     3            3           77s

NAME                                       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/deploy-django-6cc964b995   3         3         3       83s
replicaset.apps/deploy-flask-6dc47b7f5d    3         3         3       77s

django와 flask 웹서비스 경로로 접근하면 작동하는 것을 볼 수 있습니다.

모두 중지

user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl delete -f django-flask-ingress.yml
ingress.networking.k8s.io "django-flask-ingress" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl delete -f django-service.yml
service "django-service" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl delete -f flask-service.yml
service "flask-service" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl delete -f django-deploy.yml
deployment.apps "deploy-django" deleted
user@myserver01:/home/work/ch27$ kubectl delete -f flask-deploy.yml
deployment.apps "deploy-flask" deleted

다음글에서는 CI/CD에 대해 작성하겠습니다.

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